Millions of Africans live in areas with mobile broadband coverage but remain disconnected from the internet, highlighting a growing digital divide that infrastructure alone cannot solve. While telecommunications companies and governments continue expanding network coverage across the continent, millions of people still lack the resources, skills or confidence needed to access online services.
The challenge reflects what industry experts describe as the usage gap: people who live within reach of mobile internet networks but do not use mobile broadband. For Africa, where digital services are increasingly important to education, financial inclusion, healthcare and business, closing this gap is becoming a critical development priority.
One of the biggest barriers is affordability. Smartphones remain expensive for many low-income households, particularly as inflation and rising living costs put pressure on disposable income. Even when people own internet-enabled devices, the cost of mobile data can discourage regular use. For individuals who must choose between purchasing data and meeting basic needs, staying offline may be an economic necessity rather than a personal preference.
Digital literacy presents another obstacle. Some people lack the skills required to navigate websites, use digital payment platforms, protect personal information or identify online scams. Others may be unfamiliar with the practical benefits of internet access, especially in rural communities where digital education and support remain limited.
Language and relevance also influence internet adoption. Much of the available online content is concentrated in widely used international languages, creating difficulties for people who are more comfortable communicating in local languages. Without useful, accessible content that reflects their daily needs, potential users may see little reason to go online.
Trust is another concern. Fraud, misinformation, privacy violations and cybercrime can discourage people from using digital platforms. For first-time users, negative experiences or fear of losing money can undermine confidence in online banking, e-commerce and other digital services.
The consequences extend beyond individual users. Small businesses that cannot access digital marketplaces may struggle to reach new customers, while students can miss educational resources and job seekers may lose access to employment opportunities. In economies where governments and businesses increasingly move services online, remaining disconnected can deepen existing inequalities.
Closing the usage gap will require coordinated action. Governments can support policies that encourage affordable smartphones, lower data costs and expand digital education. Telecommunications operators can introduce flexible data packages and improve the accessibility of their services. Technology companies can develop platforms that work on affordable devices, support local languages and consume less data.
Community organisations, schools and businesses also have a role to play by helping people develop practical digital skills and understand how the internet can improve their lives.
Africa’s digital transformation cannot be measured by network coverage alone. Connecting people requires more than building telecommunications infrastructure; it means making internet access affordable, useful, safe and accessible to everyone.
Until these barriers are addressed, millions of Africans will remain within reach of the internet but unable to benefit fully from the opportunities it offers.
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